This SpringerBrief sheds new light on bioactive materials from marine extremophiles. It deals with all aspects of the chemical compounds produced by organisms living under extreme conditions that may have potential as drugs or lead to novel drugs for human use.

Introduction.- Culturable marine microorganisms.- Culturable marine microorganisms isolated from piezophiles and deep-sea environments.- Culturable marine microorganisms isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents.- Culturable marine microorganisms isolated from marine invertebrates and other organisms.- Unculturable marine microorganisms.- Summary and concluding remarks.